Humanities Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Humanities - Essay Example The imagination, brilliance, and nostalgic impacts associated with the work of art makes them important. Various occasions in history have offered ascend to various works of art (Charles and Metcalf, 2007). One of the old occasions, known by the name of Renaissance existed from fifteenth to seventeenth hundreds of years and the eighteenth century craftsmanship rose under the name of neoclassical workmanship. Renaissance is a word that went under the inference from French language that implies reawakened. A social and taking in resurrection that started from Florence - Italy, arrived at the limits of Europe later on. The craftsmanship in this period was strengthening with a one of a kind, selective, and distinctive style as compositions and model creation, which went under the name of Renaissance workmanship. This period not just gave an alternate importance to the field of expressions however reasoning, writing, music, and science saw a monstrous change and enhancements. Renaissance craftsmanship brought forth new structures and procedures of canvases that influenced the craftsmen through its work as well as average folks likewise went under love by it (Charles and Metcalf, 2007). Renaissance craftsman began to make canvases on unmistakable subjects and genuine pictures depicting human flawlessness and life’s happiness came into concentrate as opposed to confining themselves to just strict compositions. The craftsmen concentrated on minute subtleties of the item from various edges and separations while painting or making figures. The artistic creations of medieval times that concentrated on firm and erect bodies came into substitution by genuine compositions (Charles and Metcalf, 2007). The time of Renaissance brought forth indigenous craftsmen, for example, the notable Leonardo da Vinci, Michelangelo, and Raphael. Leonardo da Vinci with the utilization of oil paint upgraded his works of art that for the most part centered around scenes, regular articles , and people. He remembered tiny subtleties for every one of his compositions and one of his most appreciated canvases incorporates Mona Lisa and The Last Supper. Michelangelo just focused on human body in his fine art and the marble sculpture of David is his popular creation. In the High Renaissance time frame, Raphael has additionally contributed in his masterpiece. Indeed, he was popular for his representations of the aristocrats of that time and his famous workmanship incorporates picture of Pope Julius II and Pope Leo X (Books, 2010). Taking a gander at the opposite finish of the range, the eighteenth century workmanship brought forth another structure, known as neoclassical craftsmanship, for the most part found in artworks, representations, models, and view/scene. The coming of neoclassical craft of the eighteenth century was from France. Effortlessness, straightforwardness, and authenticity were the key highlights of neoclassical craftsmanship. Naturalism additionally went u nder concentration in the neoclassical craftsmanship like that of Renaissance workmanship (Books, 2010). This work of art went under impact by the antiquated thoughts and specialists coordinated these motivations with their contemplations and perceptions in their pictures and artworks. Portrayal of the subjects as images and codes turned into a chief viewpoint in the work of art of the specialists to communicate their considerations, feelings, and perspectives. Eighteenth century works of art and pictures didn't mirror the thoughts of brutality, unprofessionalism, and extremism. Artists’ weaved their dreams, dreams and motivations well with the splendid and brilliant pictures (Buser, 2006). The period of neoclassical workmanship has seen numerous capable specialists that were all around qualified, tasteful, and refined. A portion of the unbelievable specialists of this

Product Sales Plan for iPhone Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Item Sales Plan for iPhone - Research Paper Example It is obviously obvious from the conversation that before the improvement of the iPhone, the versatile business had a harsh excursion as far as deals. There is a reasonable reliance on the system suppliers. Cell phones were even seen then as a device to accomplish administrations from the said portable system. In the said see, cell phones were modest and the highlights were restricted. In 2006, there had been a quick increment in the quantity of portable clients and supporters evaluated at 2 billion everywhere throughout the world. Another pattern that began in a similar period is the deals of cell phones dependent on the innovation or the highlights which turned into the beginning for the improvement of advances identified with versatile cameras, remote abilities, memory limits and different ideas that got weapons of upper hand. Fundamentally, the improvement of the iPhone exploited the said patterns and advancements in the versatile business. The innovation introduced by the iPhone likewise considered by specialists as a wave that empowered the cell phone organizations to direct deals based on the item capacities instead of the administrations that the portable systems are advertising. The item iPhone is from Apple Inc., an organization known for item development and item selectiveness which empower the organization to set a cost not the same as contenders. Apple Inc. is perceived for items, for example, the Mac PC, iPod, iTunes, and the most recent development iPad.

Heres How to Make Sure Your Social Media Essay Shines (With a Sample Essay)

Heres How to Make Sure Your Social Media Essay Shines (With a Sample Essay) Social media use is on the rise and shows little signs of slowing down. In fact, according to some of the most recent statistics (2019), there are 3.2 billion social media users worldwide, equating to about 42% of the current population.There are 3.2 billion social media users worldwide, equating to about 42% of the current population. Photo by Hamza Bounaim on Unsplash.Standing most obviously among these giants of popularity is Facebook, with over 2.32 billion active monthly users, making it the most widely used social media platform. Approximately two-thirds of U.S. adults (68%) now report that they are Facebook users.With this many people on Facebook, and other forms of social media, the topic has obviously become part of our international dialogue regarding community standards, fair use, and protecting ones privacy online. For these reasons, as you enter into a learning community, youll likely be asked to write a social media essay or an essay on the topic of social media.In this article, we will discuss how to:Research your social media essayDraft an outline for itWrite your social media essay (with samples)ResearchReady to get started? Obviously, researching the topic is the first step to writing a social media essay once youve determined what you want to write about. In this case, the broader topic is social media but youll need to narrow that down in order to determine how to organize your essay. Here are a few ideas to get you started:Social media essay topicsHow has social media changed culture over the past 10 years? Do you think these changes were good or bad?Do you think social media has brought us closer together? Or has it caused distance between people?What are some ways social media has been used to stir political change or controversy? Has this been a problem or a benefit for society, as a whole?Do you think its important to take a periodic extended break from social media? Why or why not?Do you believe cyberbullying is a problem on social med ia, and if so, how can we fix it or put an end to it?Find valid sourcesNow that youve determined how to narrow down the topic to something interesting to write about relating to social media, lets look at how to find valid sources for your social media essay. Keep in mind that there will be a lot of information available online concerning social mediaâ€"some of it is useful and important, some of it isnt. The important thing now is to determine what makes a source valid and how to locate that source.Valid sources are sources that are crafted from research. They are sources written by experts in the field who have a grasp of whats going on across its ever-changing landscape. You can locate valid sources by looking for marketing studies that have been done, such as those conducted by organizations like Pew Research. According to its site, Pew Research is a nonpartisan fact tank that informs the public about the issues, attitudes and trends shaping the world. This means that they provi de valid, important statistics and data that can help shape research.Draft an outline for itOnce you get your essay topic determined, its best to go ahead and start working on an outline based on what youve discovered in your research. For this article, well choose the topic: Do you think its important to take a periodic extended break from social media? Why or why not?After researching information, my outline might look something like this:IntroductionMention the purpose of the essay (which is to discuss your narrowed topic related to social media)A thesis statement that best answers the question related to your chosen topic. Those who participate in social media on a daily basis should take periodic extended breaks from their social media use to encourage mental wellbeing.Body para 1Psychologists have determined that extended social media use can be damaging for a persons mental wellness.Offer examplesBody para 2Social media and cell phone use make us more lonely and depressed.Off er examplesBody para 3Taking sporadic, extended social media breaks allows the brain to reset and return to a less agitated conditionOffer examplesConclusionA brief restatement of your thesisWrite your essayNow its time to write the essay. Using your research and the outline youve created, your social media essay might look something like this:Sample social media essayHave you ever sat through minutes of endless scrolling and wanted to take a break from social media? If you answered yes, apparently, youre not the only one. In fact, those who participate in social media on a daily basis should take periodic extended breaks from their social media use to encourage mental wellbeing. A recent study conducted by the Associated Press and NORC at the University of Chicago asked 790 American teens (between the ages of 13 and 17) about their daily habits surrounding social media, messaging, and video content. According to the results, teens do, in fact, take social media breaksâ€"both becaus e they are forced to and because they choose to willingly.According to Dr. Kristen Fuller, Psychologist and writer for Psychology Today, all the social media use makes us constantly compare our lives with othersâ€"and not in a good way! We forget that we are only seeing the highlight reel of their lives, and when we compare our own, our own can look pretty drab by comparison. Dr. Fuller writes, We live in a world where we constantly compare our lives to others and oftentimes do not take time to recognize our triggers, defeats, challenges, accomplishments, and endeavors because we are so busy trying to present ourselves in the best form possible. We dont take a moment to unwind, take a deep breath, and disconnect from the world. Rarely do people post their daily struggles on their social media accounts, partially because we are driven by society to showcase the best parts of our lives and not our struggles.Beyond this, social media use can affect our mental wellbeing, including facto rs of loneliness and depression. In one University of Pennsylvania study, researchers examined how social media use causes fear of missing out. Some of the participants in the study limited their time on social media to 30 minutes a day, while the rest continued to use social media as they normally would use it. After three weeks, the participants who limited their time on social media said that they felt less depressed and lonely than people who had no social media limits.When we take sporadic breaks from social media, we allow ourselves to return to a less-glossy highlight reel. We focus more on day-to-day interactions that are face-to-faceâ€"interactions that are necessary for our emotional and spiritual wellbeing. If your best friend is having a birthday, calling him or her up to wish them a happy birthday is always more intimate and bonding that posting something on their Facebook wall. It shows that you went out of your way to have a real interactionâ€"one that isnt influenced by a lot of other peoples chatter and memes.In conclusion, I believe that social media plays an important role in society and has some benefits. However, it can also make us compare ourselves with others too quickly, or compare our real lives with their highlight reel on social media, since few posts about when theyre having a bad day. Without moderating our use of it, we could be allowing social media to send us into a spiral of depression and loneliness on the days when we are on it too much. Thats why regular, consistent social media breaks are importantâ€"to allow our brain to reset and return to remembering what it means to live life off of a digital highlight reel.Without moderating our use of it, we could be allowing social media to send us into a spiral of depression and loneliness on the days when we are on it too much. Photo by Robin Worrall on Unsplash,

6 High-Paying Business Management Jobs

Pay disparities are not uncommon in the business world. Bosses tend to make more than their employees. Most managers are the highest paid employees in the company. But there are some management jobs that will net you more money than others. Here are six management positions that typically come with high salaries. Computer and Information Systems Manager Computer and information systems managers supervise computer-related activities in an organization. Common job titles include Chief Information Officer (CIO), Chief Technology Officer (CTO), IT Director, or IT Manager. Specific duties often vary by job title, organization size, and other factors, but commonly include analyzing technology needs, planning and installing computer and information systems, overseeing system security, and supervising other IT professionals. The US Bureau of Labor Statistics reports the median annual wage for computer and information systems managers as $120,950, with the top 10 percent earning more than $187,200. A bachelor’s degree in computer or information science, as well as 5-10 years of work experience, is usually the minimum requirement for computer and information systems managers. However, many managers in this field have a masters degree and 10 years of work experience. Read more about earning a  management information systems degree. Marketing Manager Marketing managers oversee the marketing efforts of an organization. They work with sales, public relations, and other marketing and advertising professionals to estimate demand, identify target markets, develop pricing strategies, and maximize profits. The US Bureau of Labor Statistics reports the median annual wage for marketing managers as $119,480, with the top 10 percent earning more than $187,200. Most marketing managers have at least a bachelors degree in marketing, but masters degrees are not uncommon in this field. Read more about earning a marketing degree. Financial Manager Financial managers are dedicated to monitoring and improving the financial health of an organization. Common job titles include Controller, Finance Officer, Credit Manager, Cash Manager, and Risk Manager. Most financial managers work on a team and act as an advisor to other executives. They may be responsible for reviewing reports, monitoring finances, preparing financial statements, analyzing market trends, and developing budgets. The US Bureau of Labor Statistics reports the median annual wage for financial managers as $109,740, with the top 10 percent earning more than $187,200. A bachelors degree in business or finance plus five years of finance-related experience is usually the minimum requirement for financial managers. Many managers have a masters degree, professional certification, and 5 years of experience in related financial occupations, such as an accountant, auditor, financial analyst, or loan officer. Read more about earning a finance degree. Sales Manager Sales managers oversee the sales team for an organization. Although the level of duties can vary by organization, most sales managers focus their time on researching and assigning sales territories, establishing sales targets, training members of the sales team, determining budgets and pricing plans, and coordinating other sales operations. The US Bureau of Labor Statistics reports the median annual wage for sales managers as $105,260, with the top 10 percent earning more than $187,200. Sales managers typically need a bachelors degree in sales or business in addition to several years of experience as a sales representative. Some sales managers have a masters degree. Read more about earning a  sales management degree. Human Resources Manager Human resources managers have many responsibilities, but their primary duty is to act as a link between an organization’s managers and its employees. In large organizations, human resources managers often specialize in a specific area, such as recruiting, staffing, training, and development, labor relations, payroll, or compensation and benefits. The US Bureau of Labor Statistics reports the median annual wage for human resources managers as $99,720, with the top 10 percent earned more than $173,140. A bachelors degree in human resources or a related field is the minimum educational requirement. However, many human resources managers have a masters degree as well as several years of related work experience. Read more about earning a human resources degree. Health Services Manager Also known as healthcare executives, health care administrators, or healthcare managers, health services managers oversee the operations of medical facilities, clinics, or departments. Duties can include supervising employees, creating schedules, organizing records, ensuring compliance with regulations and laws, budget management, and record management. The US Bureau of Labor Statistics reports the median annual wage for health services managers as $88,580, with the top 10 percent earning more than $150,560. Health services managers need at least a bachelor’s degree in health services, healthcare management, long-term care administration, public health or public administration, but masters degrees in these fields or business administration are not uncommon. Read more about earning a healthcare management degree.

Silence Kills, Animal Farm Essay - 795 Words

Haley Zrnchik Mrs. Hawkins Honors English 1, Red 1 13 December 2012 Silence Kills In George Orwell’s Animal Farm, Benjamin, a soft-spoken donkey, finds his once peaceful home transformed into a tyrannical dictatorship led by a power-hungry pig named Napoleon. Because of Benjamin’s reserved nature, he ultimately was able to lead Animal Farm into its oppression. Benjamin’s silence, his ability to follow without question, and his inability to share his wisdom with the other animals turned him into one of the main contributors to the tyrannical behavior that occurred and the loss of freedom and equality on Animal Farm. When someone keeps their thoughts silent, it usually allows wrong to happen; in this case, Benjamin and his reserved†¦show more content†¦. . except . . . since Boxer’s death, more morose and taciturn than ever† (128) Benjamin’s growing silence caused him to become a bigger contributor to the loss of freedom and equality on Animal Farm. At this point, he wouldn’t speak up; Benjamin c onfirmed his spot as a follower and never as anything more. Sometimes silence is the deadliest weapon. Benjamin proved that by remaining quiet through a time of oppression, one would only be helping to promote a leader’s totalitarianism. His stubborn silence, his adamancy towards following his orders, and his taciturn attitude after the death of Boxer only stood to show that a follower sometimes can be the strongest contribution to a tyranny. Napoleon’s dictatorship, while strong, would not have been as successful had it not been for his followers. Benjamin and the others, while they may not have realized it, were key attributes needed to lead to the ultimate removal of freedom and equality on Animal Farm. Works Cited Orwell, George. Animal Farm: With Connections. 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Feminist Theories on Sexuality Free Essays

Feminist theorists Camille Paglia and Foucault give opposing views on the topic of women and their sexuality as they addressed topics such as homosexuality and pornography as ways of expressing sexual desires and the role a woman plays in society in reference to her sexuality. Camille Paglia, a graduate of the University of Arts in Philadelphia, America, has strong feminist views in relation to women’s sexual preferences. Paglia is a bi-sexual female, who came from an Italian, Catholic household with an overprotective and strict family. We will write a custom essay sample on Feminist Theories on Sexuality or any similar topic only for you Order Now While watching an interview with Paglia, she stated that through her years growing up, as a girl she was expected to follow certain rules and was (like many girls) led to think in a certain manner for situations such as rape, prostitution and sexual desires. Paglia was opposed to this, as was seen in her countless numbers of affairs which she had with women, despite being married to a man. This shows that Camille Paglia is pro-homosexuality. She allowed herself to explore and believed that the dignity and freedom of women could not be gained through the overprotective barriers parents and society puts up. By her supporting lesbianism, it also shows her strong views on her personality and disregard for what society thinks of her. Another point Paglia brought up was that women are never straight forward when it comes to sexual desires. She made reference to this when she discussed the numerous reports on accused rape. Paglia said that many women are provocative, and send wrong â€Å"signals† to guys. They are the cause of the accused â€Å"rape†, yet they are quick to blame the man who simply acts on the woman’s actions. Women report cases of rape for simple hand contact, which is mostly due to the woman’s lead. Women need to express their desires and not feel ashamed of it. Paglia says that women want sex as much as man, whether with a female or male, they should be upfront. Camille also discussed women in pornography. Many women see pornography as a disgrace and disrespectful view towards a woman and her body through these videos, pictures and other forms of porn; however Camille believes that a woman should have the right to portray herself and her sexual desires through any source of media and angle she wants. A woman has full rights to her body and sexual desires and should not be stopped from expressing it. She is against modern feminism because she believes that women have a right to these things, and that women need to stop blaming men and become self reliant, independent and accept that they are differences between men and women that cannot be changed. Women also have pornographic minds, and whilst other feminists will be opposed to women expressing themselves and being involved in prostitution and pornography, she disagrees. Throughout an interview with Camille, she made it very clear that she was pro-pornography, as she mentioned this numerous times to emphasized that women need to be strong on their desires and not be judged on their preferences. (female-female; male-female; male-male). This proves her point that women must be able to accept who they are and have the ability to show it, and not be restricted because of gender barriers and expectations of society. The role of women and their sexual preferences and desires are based on the current situations in society. This point is shown through the theories by Foucault. Through history, culture determined how sexuality was originated. Foucault believed that as time progresses, the idea of lesbianism and bi-sexual relations are growing. These desires are only present because of the new cultures and society that is present now. For example, in the 1800s, women were not allowed to choose their own mates or express their sexuality, and this is still present even now in the 21st century in some areas. The change in this tradition only occurred through time and what was seen as the new norm and custom in the society. The episteme of society determined the sexual desires and preferences in a particular era and the way they think. (Episteme is the way a specific culture approaches the world). Foucault believes that as society transitions, their thoughts and views also change due to the ideology itself shifting. Another point Foucault made was related to sex and women’s role in sex. Sex is seen as a social construct that is constructed through the exercise of power relations. Sexual nature is produced through society. Foucault stated that before, in previous generations, there was never a big focus on sex, whereas now, the desire for sex is increasing and will continue to increase in years to come. The world is culturally constituted and the body is seen materially through the eyes of man. Men use women for sex, and whilst women may think they are equal, men view them as sex objects. Feminists, as mentioned previously, deny having sexual tendencies and sexual preferences, and unlike Camille Paglia, who believes this is false, Foucault agrees with this statement. He relates this statement to his theory that sexual tendencies and desires are based on society’s ideology, rather than natural desires. Like Paglia, Foucault mentioned the role of women through pornography as well. However his views differed from Camille’s as he believes that pornography is an invention by man used to de-humanize women and socially constructs her oppression. He does not believe that women have a desire to produce porn, but instead they are manipulated into thinking that is what they want and they only please men, rather than expressing themselves and pleasing their own self. Foucault’s approach to a woman’s sexuality is based on the views of society and the manipulation in each era, mostly endorsed by man upon women. Camille Paglia believes that men and women have natural qualities and that they should not base their choices on what men demand of them, but on what their desire is whereas Foucault believes a woman’s sexuality is determined on society and the manipulation of men on women in reference to sex and sexual activities and preferences. I agree with Camille Paglia’s theory that women are different from men and must become their own individual, independent and free from reliance on man. A woman must take charge of her body and her sexual desires and not be expected to pretend that they are not naturally inclined towards sex. Camille expresses a pro-pornography mind and I agree that a woman should not be degraded for expressing her desires through pictures, videos or sex itself. Women should be allowed to freely express themselves without being restricted and judged by society and men. Also, as Camille Paglia stated, men should not be blamed for everything, and women should stand up for themselves and show everyone what they want. Camille is also pro-prostitution. A woman has full rights to her body and only a woman can determine what she wants to do with her body. A woman has the right to participate in any sexual act she desires, because it is only her decision. Women are categorized, according to Paglia, as having more emotional and sexual desires than men, but are not able to show it. Paglia’s point of this categorization is to show that women do not express their sexual desires freely because they are not allowed to show it. Whether it is true or not, I agree that a woman should have the freedom of being able to share their â€Å"wants† and â€Å"needs† without having to feel ashamed or self-conscious. Paglia says that the only way for this to happen, is if women begin to stop waiting, and start acting on becoming independent and taking personal responsibility, without blaming other people for your problems or your limitations. Feminist theories on sexuality show the rights of a woman in their ability to express and have sexual desires and preferences, and how they portray these elements. On one hand, Camille Paglia argues that women should take the initiative to become independent and not rely on man, and be free to express their natural sexual desires. On the other hand, Foucault believes that men control women, and a woman’s sexuality is determined on the stage of society and the transitions in the ideology of the culture and society. The both theorists contrast each other in theories in their views on a woman’s sex life. The belief that men construct society is supported by Foucault and opposed by Paglia. Homosexuality is supported by both theorists in different ways. Foucault believes it is due to the transitions in society, where as Paglia believes that it is due to natural inclinations. Their different approaches to women’s sexuality were well analyzed and represent the two different views from feminists. Feminist theories on sexuality vary according to the theorist, and each person has a different view on whether a woman has a right to express her sexuality or whether certain acts are frowned upon when done by a woman because of a woman’s expectations and stereotype. How to cite Feminist Theories on Sexuality, Papers

Struggles Diversity free essay sample

My life, hasn’t been what you would say, the typical American lifestyle. Since the moment I entered this country, till now, my parents have been striving to help me be the most successful in my life. I could still remember the days I used to live in Queens, in which I would have fifteen minute sessions with my mom on a teeny chalkboard, teaching me my multiplication tables at the ripe age of six. My personal life experiences have molded me, and allowed me to become a diverse individual. I guess you can say that it’s my parents drive, and my perseverance, to truly live the American dream, that has been my mindset till this day. Trinidad and Tobago is the country of my birth, and my original roots. I was uplifted from Trinidad when I was four and a half years old, and have been living in the United States ever since. We will write a custom essay sample on Struggles Diversity or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page I remember that day like it was yesterday, the plane ride, the popping of the ears, and the excitement. I don’t remember the stress of literally packing up my life, and moving somewhere else, but all I know, is that wherever I was going, I would be happy. Up until around seventh grade, in which I became a one-man show, my mother would be my homework enforcer, my work corrector, and my drill sergeant at home. When I entered middle school, my mom’s measly Trinidadian high school education couldn’t come close. Bringing advanced algebra home became a foreign language to not just me, but my mother too. It’s still like that today, and my mom had to surrender her job as my teacher, and â€Å"give† it to someone with actual credentials. Rather than going home after school, I would be in extra help classes. I don’t feel upset about her education that she can’t help me, for those factors helped to sculpt my individuality. Everything I do, I would be the first, and the only. Whether it’s a math problem, or a Shakespearean book (which I don’t think my mother knows about), I would be the new Discovery Channel, bringing my information home, as if I knew about the world. This lack of knowledge not only stretched with academics, but as well as social events such as Prom, and being able to walk out for my lunch period. It get’s extremely frustrating at times, to have to deal with her sense of being old fashioned, but with a little explaining, and push, I will get to do everything that a normal American student does. She still is cautious about me attending my prom, or even wearing appropriate shorts to school. My dad, he’s a little bit more close-minded. He is very protective, and says no to literally everything. Both my parents don’t even approve of me wearing nail polish to school, or wearing makeup! My career choice was also a big first for us. Going into business, and wanting to be in corporate America finally became achievable. I can only imagine explaining a new job offering I receive in the future to my mom, and the excitement that it would bring. Being profoundly independent, to be a business woman to me is like a hand to a glove, a perfect fit. To be able to have my own business, or even run something, will give me complete satisfaction. That feeling of knowing something is successful due to a large part by you, is my version of an adrenaline rush. I really was almost forced to create new standards for my little family of three, in which they slowly discovered how to deal with their â€Å"American† daughter. Because of our discrepancies, and underlying motivation, everything I do, I do for myself, and to better my future. Struggles in school, is simply just a struggle with me, myself and I. It’s either I divulge myself into my studies, or I have to stay in s chool till I comprehend it. Past school, there really is no help at home, besides the push from my parents to be on top of everything. Having such a background, my personal experiences have really made me more open-minded. When you have seen the hardest of times, to even the happiest of times, it changes the way you look at life, and diversity becomes a part of you. I am very relatable to so many people out there, and it just shows that you can make something out of little or nothing. Being someone that’s so self-taught and self driven, my passion to be successful, and to make my parents proud, is beyond immense. My dreams, aspirations, and goals, stretch far beyond than what my parents could’ve ever imagined, and by me graduating high school, and entering college, it will be a great step that I’m taking, and something my parents never did. No one could ever see life the way I portray it through my eyes, a climb that can only be success through pure determinatio n, strong supporters, and a burning desire for only the best in life.

Matrix Hypothesis

The matrix is based on the philosophical story about the disembodied brain that was floating in a vat in a scientific laboratory where the experiment was conducted. In this case, the scientists connected the brain to the computer with world simulations to simulate the brain with the same input that the brain in a human body could receive and the output was recorded back to the computer.Advertising We will write a custom critical writing sample on Matrix Hypothesis specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More The brain in a vat was therefore in its normal state just as the normal brain in a human being only that it lacked the body of a human being and the brain viewed things just like any other person. Although the brain was in the laboratory and not in the body, it received an input that made it perceive that it was outside walking freely in the broad day light. This experiment about the brain raised many concerns about the beliefs of people hence the different hypotheses, which support or criticize the matrix. The matrix hypothesis suggests that human beings are in the same situation just like the brain in a vat although in matrix the cognitive system is computerized not as in the case of human beings where the cognitive system is natural. Envatted brains will have false beliefs as compared to the counterparts and this creates confusion since it is not easy to know whether someone is in a matrix or not. This results to the skeptical hypothesis since the matrix hypothesis seems to falsify most of the beliefs held by the people (Putnam 88). George Berkeley holds the view that brains in a vat are not deluded since they have correct beliefs about their own world. He says that appearance is reality because what people feel, see or taste are realized to be real through the interpretation of the brain. Reality can be viewed as the electrical signals, which are interpreted by the human brain. According to George Berkeley, real ity is what is perceived. Berkeley supports the view of the matrix hypothesis that human beings are in a matrix and disputes the view that the matrix hypothesis is skeptical using the idealism of reality. This therefore supports the view that what the brain in a vat believed is real (Bostrom 3).Advertising Looking for critical writing on philosophy? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Chalmers on the other hand uses the Metaphysical hypothesis to support the views of the matrix hypothesis that human beings are in a matrix. About metaphysical hypothesis, Chalmers argues that the brain and the laws of physics as well as world’s creations determine reality. In the metaphysical hypothesis, the physical processes are computational where the cognitive system is separate from the physical processes and that reality is created by those beings in the outside physical space and time. The hypothesis endorses Berkeley’s idealism by explaining the ordinary processes that underlie reality on that the processes in metaphysical are similar to those that take place in the matrix hypothesis. He therefore explains this view using the three hypotheses (Searle 85). The Creation Hypothesis According to this hypothesis, space-time in the physical world is determined by a supernatural being that controls the physical world from outside the space. It is therefore right to conclude that many people in the world can believe this hypothesis especially those who believe that God created the world and that God is outside the world. If it is true that God created the universe then the creation hypothesis is true and the matrix hypothesis is true. Chalmers therefore believes that he has the body while in a vat and that he is in Tucson even though he was in Australia (Searle 86). The Computational Hypothesis About this hypothesis, all processes in the space-time that involve computation are microphysical. This explains the vie w that physics is not the base of reality just like the microphysical processes, which underlie the chemical processes. This therefore explains that reality underlie some computational processes. Some scientists suggest that physical reality can be a result of interacting bits in the cellular automata governed by some principles. Bits in this case are pure differences united by basic states to create reality (Putnam 99).Advertising We will write a custom critical writing sample on Matrix Hypothesis specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More The Mind-Body Hypothesis The hypothesis explains that the human mind is comprised of processes that are outside the physical space-time and it receives its input from the physical space-time and sends it back. This is explained further with the view that the human minds are nonphysical but they interact with the physical bodies (Searle 88). The metaphysical hypothesis therefore combines the three hypoth eses together to prove that the matrix hypothesis operates on the basis similar to the creation, mind-body, and computational hypothesis. It states that the world and its contents were created by beings outside the same world and that the computational processes constitute the microphysical processes. The three hypotheses about computation, creation and the body mind constitutes metaphysical hypothesis. It further states that the computational processes, which constitute the microphysical processes, are designed by being such as the computer in the case of the matrix hypothesis is designed. Metaphysical hypothesis and combination hypothesis are similar where one is a version of the other. However, the relationship among the three parts is specified in the metaphysical hypothesis (Putnam 100). Chalmers argues that the metaphysical hypothesis holds the same view as the matrix hypothesis. He uses the three areas to explain the hypothesis that is the body-mind, computational and the cre ation. According to metaphysical hypothesis human beings posses cognitive system in mind that is isolated. This is similar to matrix hypothesis on how input is received and processed in the mind (Bostrom 4). According to computational hypothesis, input is sent to the cognitive system from the external time-space and the feedback is sent back. About creation hypothesis, physically designed processes for informing the world create reality. According to the matrix hypothesis, human beings design computers that are used to send output to the cognitive system. This shows that the metaphysical hypothesis is linked to the matrix hypothesis. To accept the truth underlying reality as explained in the metaphysical hypothesis means accepting the matrix hypothesis. The domain constituting the cognitive system and computers designed by other human beings interact.Advertising Looking for critical writing on philosophy? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More If one accepts the creation hypothesis of the world, he or she accepts the matrix hypothesis and the metaphysical hypothesis. The world is therefore made of interactions between human beings and microphysical computations, which are not part of them. This therefore explains the basic nature of reality (Bostrom 4). The matrix hypothesis can be viewed as the creation myth. The creation of the world took place long time ago when there were no people but the history exists right from the big bang and many other myths about the creation. In the matrix, the creator is a machine, which simulate the input and in the creation of the world, the nonphysical mind started to exist after the envatted cognitive systems were attached to the simulation (Bostrom 4). In the two hypotheses, there is a contrast that simulation is not real. The matrix hypothesis suggests that the simulation of physical processes in computers exist while the metaphysical hypothesis explains that the physical processes do not exist. The computational hypothesis tries to unite the two but it fails to some extent because as much as the computational level underlies physical processes, which are real, there are some computational processes that cannot yield reality. Simulation of physical reality requires computational elements with real particles. Details corresponding with the physical processes should therefore be involved in the computation. The other principle rests on an abstract computation, which can underlie the physical reality (Searle 89). The two hypotheses succeed in justifying that the matrix hypothesis is correct by saying that human beings are in a matrix. The beliefs of the brain in a vat are not a delusion as they are proofed to be correct. In addition, the fact that it is in the dark room does not imply being alone. This can be explained using the analogy that human beings have their mind outside physical space and time. For instance, when someone is in cold water the brain receives t he input that it is in the cold water but one may think that since the brain is not in the water it is therefore not exposed to the coldness. It would be wrong to conclude that the person in the cold water has a wrong belief. This proves that envatted beings have correct beliefs (Putnam 102). The fact that envatted beings may think that they are performing actions, which they are not or being in places that they have never been may create doubts but the two hypotheses try to explain the idea with relevant analogies. By the brain in a vat, believing that it is walking in Tucson does not mean that the belief is false. This is because the word â€Å"walking† could be inferring to different meanings depending on the language. The brain in a vat therefore performs the action of walking in its environment, which is of course, different from the environment someone could be. The beliefs held by the brains in a vat are therefore correct and cannot be seen as being skeptical (Bostrom 5). The aspect of not being sure whether one is in the matrix or not is further explained using real and virtual concept. For instance if one is in the matrix and refers to a certain word for example â€Å"head† the term will be referring to the virtual â€Å"head† and not the real â€Å"head†. The concepts are therefore made up of bits, which constitute the virtual concept in the matrix. The ways things are perceived by people differ since people have different views on which part of the bit is given to the virtual concepts as opposed to the real concepts. The two hypotheses failed to distinguish clearly the bits between the virtual for those in the matrix and bits to be used for real terms by those outside the matrix. Works Cited Bostrom, Newton. â€Å"Are You Living in A Computer Simulation†? Philosophical Quarterly 53 (2003): 243. Print Putnam, Henry. Reason, Truth, and History. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1981. Print Searle, Janet. â€Å" Can Computers Think†? In Minds, Brains, and Science. Massachusetts : Harvard University Press. 1984. Print This critical writing on Matrix Hypothesis was written and submitted by user Matilda B. to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.

Paper Crafting Assistance from the Professionals

Paper Crafting Assistance from the Professionals â€Å"What is an English essay?† While this sounds like the easiest thing on the planet, we often get asked this question. As a student, you know the drill! There’s no way you will evade crating an English paper. This is just one of those essays that you have to write at one point in your academic life. Are you confident that you have the necessary skills to complete this paper? Do you even have the time to write this paper by yourself? Are you certain that you will ace this paper? Most students cannot craft their papers for varied reasons. First, they lack time to handle their assignments because they are tied up with other responsibilities, such as studying for exams, going to class, and completing other papers. Probably, they just want to relax and have a good time with friends. Other students are not skilled enough to complete these papers by themselves. They lack the know-how to craft these assignments, and they need assistance or a guide on how to go about it. Our service is the answer to all your assignment problems. Leave your paper to us if you’re looking for a professional writer that can create a persuasive paper and meet your deadlines. Still, if you need help on how to write an English essay step by step, you’ve come to the right place. We will guide you that way you can create an outstanding paper for yourself. Guidelines on How to Write an English Essay Creating such a paper may sound easy, but it isn’t. You must put several things into consideration before starting. If you need guidance on how to create such a paper, then you’ve come to the right place. Our service understands how students struggle with creating even the simplest papers. It is very normal to struggle with creating an essay even if you have been doing it for decades. However, once you master how to do it, it gets easier. Our guide is intended to make life easier for you. We have compiled a list of guidelines and tips that can help you while writing an English essay. Make use of them to increase your chances of getting a good grade in your assignment. The Guide on How to Start an English Essay Now that your professor has handed you an assignment, you are conflicted on how to begin an English essay. The first thing that you need to understand is what you are being asked of. Do you understand what the question or topic expects of you? There are important terms that you have to look out for since they act as guidelines on how you should come up with your response to the topic question. Comprehending what is expected if you will not only enable you to structure your paper properly, but it will also show you the direction in which you should take your research to answer the questions effectively. If you are to write on a topic of your choice, make sure you choose something that you’re passionate about, but it still has to be relevant. Next, research on the topic. If you intend to achieve high marks, make use of academic research articles. You must go through several sources before choosing the most relevant for your topic. Once you’re done conducting your research , create an outline of how your paper will look like. These are requirements that have to be adhered to in the structure of an English essay. Even though questions may be different and education levels may be varied, all these papers will follow a similar structural basis every time. Crafting successfully is dependent upon comprehending the structural rules. Your paper has to begin with an introduction which will sum up how you intend to answer the question, and the course that your arguments will follow. The main body will follow what has been set out in your introduction. Present your arguments coherently and logically, and link your paragraphs so that they flow from one to the next. Finally, the conclusion should sum up what you have presented and deliver the message that you intend the audience to take away with them. Next, refine your arguments. Ensure that once you’re done with the first draft of your paper, you refine your arguments. Make sure that they particularly address the question, and that your content flows coheren tly. You can take a break once you’re done, and start later after you’ve relaxed. Alternatively, you can read out your text aloud to judge on the flow and coherence. Finally, make sure that your paper adheres to the basic formatting guidelines that have been laid out by your professor. If you fail to do so, there is a chance that you perform poorly despite crafting a good paper. Additional Tips for Writing an English Essay You must utilize these tips on how to make an English essay. Make the most out of them if you hope to attain an excellent grade: Planning Will Come in Handy Even if it will seem like a waste of time, especially when you’re caught up with other academic responsibilities, it is always important that you brainstorm for a while before starting your paper. This will enable you to come up with the best-supporting ideas, instead of those that just come into mind, then position them in your paper accordingly. Make sure that your best supporting idea which makes the strongest case, and the one that you have the most knowledge on coming first. Even if you have the best-written paper, you can fail because you placed your arguments ineffectively. Aim for Variety Make use of vocabulary and sentences of varying complexity. Stop using the same words over and over. Constant Practice Good writing cannot happen overnight. Constantly practice mastering the art of crafting good English essays. Order from Our Service Today for Top-Notch Assistance Going through our guide is one thing. Comprehending how to write a good English essay is an entirely different thing. Don’t feel frustrated even though you haven’t grasped the entire process. We are at your service if you need assignment help. Order from our service today, and leave all your assigning burdens to a professional writer capable of handling them.

Constitutional Law Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words - 1

Constitutional Law - Essay Example The history of constitutional law in the UK goes far back to 1689, the year in which the English Bill of Rights was passed. This bill curtailed the royal family’s legality to superimpose its will on the parliament – its unlawful suspension and imposing taxes through it. The then King William III and Queen Mary took an oath that they would obey the laws enacted by the parliament. The other important laws passed were the 1689 Toleration Act – promoting religious toleration and the 1694 Triennial Act – obstructing the king from dissolving the parliament and upholding of general elections after three years. These laws provide a background on the present sovereign status of British Parliament and its upper hand over English courts. (Magna Carta, 1215 - 1689 English Bill of Rights) (http://www.legalserviceindia.com/constitution/const_uk.htm) Albert Dicey, in his book Introduction to the Study of the Law of the Constitution (1885) has exposed the supremacy of Parliament thus: "Parliament... has... the right to make or unmake any law whatever; and further, that no person or body is recognised by the law of England as having a right to override or set aside the legislation of Parliament." The implications of this school of thought envisaged the supremacy of parliament to make laws. It provided for the future parliamentarians to override an earlier law and it was a prerogative of the Parliament only to make, amend and formulate new laws. Although the Act of the Union of 1707 created ambiguity regarding its application in Scotland and some members of Scottish jury disagreed with it in principle. It becomes clear in Lord Copper’s judgement in the case MacCormick v. Lord Advocate in 1953. "It is often said that it would be unconstitutional for the United Kingdom Parliament to do certain things, †¦If Parliament chose to do any of them the courts would not hold the Act of Parliament invalid." But the actual picture was quite different. In 2004 when the

Corporate governance and the role of executive incentives Essay

Corporate governance and the role of executive incentives - Essay Example The paper seeks to determine the role and effectiveness of executive incentives in corporate governance drive of an organization and draws the conclusions from various research findings to anchor the understanding of the concept. Inclusion of real life cases assists the application of theories in practical sense. Separating management and ownership is one problem that has always posed serious challenges for corporate form of an organization. The fundamental problem of conflict of interests where managers focusing on personal gains overlooking shareholder’s interest gets severe in loosely governed organization. Corporate governance is a tool which aims to align the interest of all parties and stakeholders in the organization and provides a strategic direction to the performance and control functions by ensuring order and decision making process are done effectively. In this regard, areas where most of the conflicts arise within an organization are related to recruitment and compensation of CEOs and top level management. Based on the above conflicts a detailed theory has been developed which is known as Agency-theory (Jensen and Meckling 1976). The theory describes various types of costs which are incurred owing to the different type of conflicts between shareholders, managers and debt owners. Agency cost is defined as the sum of monitoring cost, bonding costs and residual loss. Other two types of costs are agency cost of equity and agency costs of debt where former arise due to conflict of interests between managers and shareholders whereas latter arises due to conflict between shareholders and debt holders. Corporate governance is a system that brings more transparency and control in the organization. The approach involves setting accountabilities and linking management’s compensation with shareholder’s value. There are many mechanisms that can be applied to

Role Of Arabic Language In Islamic Culture

Role Of Arabic Language In Islamic Culture The importance of language to the development of human civilization and its cultural face can be laid emphasis to the fact that language is purely human and non-instinctive methods of communicating ideas, emotions and desires by means of voluntary produced symbols. (Lyons, 1991, p. 3) However, taking note from the above belief, we feel that there is much more to language than just meet the eyes. In another sense, the definition and description of language as stated above also suffers from some defects, and has its limits, given that languages is broader in its cultural forms. Add to it, communication through languages also can take many forms and formats, not just the sole consideration that limit itself to ideas, emotions and the likes of desires, which are beyond the voluntarily produced symbols. To put language in a proper sense, we can relate that language is a system of vocal symbols by means of a social group co-operation. (Lyons, 1991, p. 5) Understood so, we can add that it will be proper to make a brief analysis on the subject of language and culture, so as to come to the conclusion on the role language played in the culture sphere, and its impact. But what encounters us in these analytical segments is the basic question, what is culture? From a scholastic point of views, culture has several related senses, which means that culture itself is synonyms with civilization. And in the second sense, culture is often employed without any implication of unilingual human progress from barbarism to civilization without any prior value judgment being made as to the aesthetic or intellectual quality of a particular society, be it in arts, literature, institutions, which defines its own distinctive subculture. (Lyons, 1991, pp. 301-302) The role of Arabic Language in Islamic Culture Right from the outset and when we relate to culture in conjunction and juxtaposition with language, and assimilating their meaning, there is some sense of relevance that adds up, and which raises the question central to this essay and its arguments. To be precise, what concern the essay proposal and attempt made in that regard can be laid emphasis to the notion and the role of Arabic language in Islamic cultures, which are as follows:- Threats that impact Arabic language The strength of Arabic language and the Islamic culture in particular Problems that the Arabic culture faced. Thus, subject to these assumption that relates to the subject matter, the following discussion describes the same in their subheading so as to drive home the value judgment and criticisms from an objective point of view. Threats that impacted Arabic language and culture: The past, present and future Before we turn to the threats that impacted the Arabic language, it will be proper to analyze Arabic language, and as literature relates to Arabic belongs to the groups of languages collectively known as the Semitic language, which constitutes groups of the Middle East region and North Africa. And the earliest known Semitic spoken language is the Akkadian, spoken in Mesopotamia between 2500 BC and 600 BC. (Versteegh, 2001, p. 9) What we can drive home from this brief absorption can be premised in the ethnic and regional boundaries of the past. And as scholars relates to, there is nothing much that is known on the earliest stages of Arabic languages and when the Arabian nomads came to the Arabian peninsular, besides the language they spoke also is hard indeed to predict, assumed that Arabic was mostly spoken, given the inscription in the civilization of that era, that is to say the available Arabian civilization. (Versteegh, 2001, p. 23) In addition, Arabic in the pre-Islamic period that is revealed through the Quran and its manuscripts in all its essence describe the language and its forms, (Versteegh, 2001, p. 37)which till today commands its space and that which register readily with scholars. Besides, what is most significant to the development of the Arabic language constitutes the periods of the Islamic conquest, just after the death of Prophet Mohammed, where a drastic sea change was brought about to Arabic language and its forms that significantly spread from Syria to Egypt and where Islam took centre stage in the cultural development of the region, where Arabic spoken people were united under Islamic domination. (Versteegh, 2001, p. 93) However, as human civilization and in particular Arabian civilization progressed, threat to its language and cultural forms also increased. And relevant to such a scenario is the emergence of modern standards in languages, wherein, Arabic and French had to compete for the status of language of prestige and from the language reformer perspective, it means to devalue the classical language by debasing it with dialect influence or the abolition of grammatical rules. (Versteegh, 2001, p. 186) Moreover, what we can analyze from a modern perspective, the biggest threats to Arabian language also came from foreign languages and their domination in the Arab world when European imperialism was spreading fast. Thus, English, French, Italian and Spanish, and the fact that English also commands a significant place in the colonized region of the Arab world, (Fishman, 2001, p. 385) make it more reliable to place these languages as a threats to Arabian language in the Middle East region. Apart, the 21st century also presents the Arab world the challenges that may determine its future for generations, be it in maintaining their cultural identify and the danger that comes it due to abundant influence of the western world. (Najjar, 2005) Strength of the Arabic Language and the Islamic culture Assimilating from the aforementioned statements and its arguments, we cant deny the facts that languages be it English, French or Arabic and the threats in their own domains defines it own extent as and when human civilization progressed across national boundaries. In fact, Arabic as a language is known to be a great influence to the cultural face of the Arab world and Islamism in particular. Take for instance, the ties that connect the Arabic language to its history also places it in a unique position among major world languages of the contemporary world, which also defines the strength. Add to it, the historical connection of Arab language also brings both strength and weakness, which does not devalue the importance of historical connection; rather it serves as the fundamental consideration when setting guideline for the future. (Kassem M. Wahba, 2006, p. 386) The tradition that relates to Arabic language can be laid more emphasis to the notion that the centrality of the Arabic language in contemporary context of the Arab world is the result of the continuous foreign presence in Arab speaking countries in the modern era. As a result of it, a threatening feeling among Arab nationalist and intellectuals grew who views such development as an attempt to alter Arab cultural identity and its heritage. (Kassem M. Wahba, 2006, p. 386) Add to it, Globalization and its impact also deeply concerned Arab intellectuals and the disinclination of the western world and their Islamic biases. (Najjar, 2005) But, we can add and conclude that Arabic language in the contemporary context is rich in history, which links together its culture, traditions and that which defines the Islamic world at large. Problems that the Arabic culture faced From a modern analysis to Arabic cultural issue, the countenance of globalization bridged a way to Islamic threats. (Najjar, 2005) And as scholars have related to, culture are timeless and omnipresent, which exists and influences all nation at all time and draws a fine line to augment cultural dominance, which also grants individuals their full personal, social and cultural character. (Lewis, 2007) However, in the face of globalization and western influences, Islamic heritage and Arabic language and culture faced the dangers of being sidelines. (Najjar, 2005) Moreover, how to preserve Muslim cultural autonomy in the face of many recurring western influences also constitutes another relevant problem. Add to it, intellectual cultural differences between Arab masses and elitist are also one such problem that posits, plus the cultural issue of free Arab thinkers and free cultural expression, (El-shibiny, 2005, pp. 63, 65) that is thought to be under constant restraint from outside elements. Conclusion and recommendation Linguistic or languages as we know of in general assumptions is said to have played a dominant role in the development of culture and human civilization across the globe. Thus, it can be recommended that incorporate Arab culture in the face of globalization and its influence can be reinforced through the spirit of brotherhood, develop common Arab cultural trends and most importantly reviving the idea of Arab culture itself, (El-shibiny, 2005, p. 76) Furthermore, it can be concluded through a recommendation that an interest in the development of modern language education technology as a means to strengthening the participation of Arabic in various aspect of global activities is also a must. Add to it, efforts to develop Arabic education, plus research that gives importance to language and cultural heritage is also a need of the hour, (Kassem M. Wahba, 2006, pp. 385-86) which is what we can finally conclude on how the role of Arabic language can significantly bridged and reforms Islamic culture.

History Of Human Resource Management Essay

Human resource management is a function in organizations designed to maximize employee performance in service of their employer’s strategic objectives.[1] HR is primarily concerned with how people are managed within organizations, focusing on policies and systems.[2] HR departments and units in organizations are typically responsible for a number of activities, including employee recruitment, training and development, performance appraisal, and rewarding. HR is also concerned with industrial relations, that is, the balancing of organizational practices with regulations arising from collective bargaining and governmental laws. HR is a product of the human relations movement of the early 20th century, when researchers began documenting ways of creating business value through the strategic management of the workforce. The function was initially dominated by transactional work, such as payroll and benefits administration, but due to globalization, company consolidation, technologi cal advancement, and further research, HR now focuses on strategic initiatives like mergers and acquisitions, talent management, succession planning, industrial and labor relations, and diversity and inclusion. In startup companies, HR’s duties may be performed by trained professionals. In larger companies, an entire functional group is typically dedicated to the discipline, with staff specializing in various HR tasks and functional leadership engaging in strategic decision making across the business. To train practitioners for the profession, institutions of higher education, professional associations, and companies themselves have created programs of study dedicated explicitly to the duties of the function. Academic and practitioner organizations likewise seek to engage and further the field of HR, as evidenced by several field-specific publications. HR is also a field of research study that is popular within the fields of management and industrial/organizational psychology, with research articles appearing in a number of academic journals, including those mentioned later in this article. In the current global work environment, most companies focus on lowering employee turnover and retaining the talent and knowledge held by their workforce. New hiring not only entails a high cost but also increases the risk of the newcomer not being able to replace the person who was working in that position before. HR departments also strive to offer benefits that will appeal to workers, thus reducing the risk of losing knowledge. History Antecedent theoretical development HR spawned in the early 20th century and was influenced by Frederick Taylor (1856-1915). Taylor explored what he termed â€Å"scientific management†, striving to improve economic efficiency in manufacturing jobs. He eventually keyed in on one of the principal inputs into the manufacturing process—labor—sparking inquiry into workforce productivity. The human relations movement grew from the research of Elton Mayo and others, whose Hawthorne studies (1924-1932) serendipitously documented how stimuli, unrelated to financial compensation and working conditions, yielded more productive workers.[6] Contemporaneous work by Abraham Maslow, Kurt Lewin, Max Weber (1864-1920), Frederick Herzberg, and David McClelland (1917-1998) formed the basis for studies in industrial and organizational psychology, organizational behavior and organizational theory, giving room for an applied discipline. Birth and evolution of the discipline By the time enough theoretical evidence existed to make a business case for strategic workforce management, changes in the business landscape (à   la Andrew Carnegie, John Rockefeller) and in public policy had transformed the employer-employee relationship, and the discipline was formalized as â€Å"industrial and labor relations†. In 1913, one of the oldest known professional HR associations—the Chartered Institute of Personnel and Development—was founded in England as the Welfare Workers’ Association, then changed its name a decade later to the Institute of Industrial Welfare Workers, and again the next decade to Institute of Labor Management before settling upon its current name.[7] Likewise in the United States, the world’s first institution of higher education dedicated to workplace studies—the School of Industrial and Labor Relations—was formed at Cornell University in 1945. During the latter half of the 20th century, union membership declined significantly, while workforce management continued to expand its influence within organizations. â€Å"Industrial and labor relations† began being used to refer specifically to issues concerning collective representation, and many companies began referring to the profession as  Ã¢â‚¬Å"personnel administration†. In 1948, what would later become the largest professional HR association—the Society for Human Resource Management (SHRM)—was founded as the American Society for Personnel Administration (ASPA). Nearing the 21st century, advances in transportation and communications greatly facilitated workforce mobility and collaboration. Corporations began viewing employees as assets rather than as cogs in a machine. â€Å"Human resources management†, consequently, became the dominant term for the function—the ASPA even changing its name to SHRM in 1998.[9] â€Å"Human capital management† is sometimes used synonymously with HR, although human capital typically refers to a more narrow view of human resources; i.e., the knowledge the individuals embody and can contribute to an organization. Likewise, other terms sometimes used to describe the field include â€Å"organizational management†, â€Å"manpower management†, â€Å"talent management†, â€Å"personnel management†, and simply â€Å"people management†.

Write About a Member of Your Family That You Feel

I have one member in my family that truly consider â€Å"special†. This person is my youngest son, Adrian. Let me tell you a few things why I think that he is a special person. Adrian was diagnosed with Autism when he was about 2 1/2 years old. He is anti-social and non-verbal. Anti-social means that he doesn't interact with others that are around him. For example, Adrian likes to play by himself. The non-verbal means that he has no ommunication through speech. Even though h is lacking speech, he can communicate his needs in his very own way. For instance, when Adrian wants something to eat, he would come to me, grab my hand and pulls me to the refrigerator. On the other hand, it can get frustrating for him because I am the only person that can understand his body language cues. In addition to his anti-social and non- verbal communication, I have to mention that Adrian s the most loving child I have seen. The reason being is usually children with Autism do not like to be hugge d or cuddled. Adrian loves to give hug and cuddle with me as well as he does with others. Finally, I understand that my son is anti-social and non-verbal. At the same time, he has the ability to be social and communicate with me. He does it in a way no other person would it. As a result of this, I feel that this makes my son a â€Å"special† person.

Mathematical methods in finance solutions - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 5 Words: 1519 Downloads: 6 Date added: 2017/06/26 Category Finance Essay Type Narrative essay Did you like this example? COURSEWORK PROJECT Introduction The aim of this project was learn how to use scientific and mathematical methods to provide an optimum solution to a realistic financial problem. In order to do this the information has to be put together in a structured way so that the desired outcome can be maximized by altering inputs subject to a series of constraints. To find the best possible combination of allocations without an optimizing tool like Solver would be almost impossible. Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "Mathematical methods in finance solutions" essay for you Create order The key steps were firstly understanding the problem, then formalizing it in a way that it could be solved using an optimizing tool. Having done this the requirement was to present the whole project in a consultancy type format. Background Vista Properties has purchased 140,000 square metres of land on which a shopping centre is to be built, and it has an option to buy an additional 20,000 square metres of adjacent land. It wants to know how to allocate the space on the land it has already purchased and whether this option should be exercised. The problem regarding allocation is one of choosing the mix of shop types and floor areas will give the best financial results over a 7 year period. This has to be done within several constraints on minimum and maximum sizes of shops and financial targets. Method The Midvale Shopping Centre project has already been agreed, so this was tackled first. The option to purchase 20,000 square metres of adjacent land was then tackled. Midvale Shopping Centre The issue was how to allocate the floor-space available between the various types of shop in a way that would be most beneficial to Vista Properties. The method recommended is based on finding the highest level of net present value (NPV) less costs not already included in net present value. That is, less improvement and construction costs. This is referred to as profit in the remaining text. The net present value figures supplied include fixed charges. Mr Wasser had challenged whether fixed charges should be included. He was quite right to do so as the model assumes that all the component charges vary with floor space within each shop type. Fixed charges are however constant and should be modelled as such. I order to calculate the fixed charges that have been included, the net present value of 7 years fixed cost was found to be 608,522. This was divided by floor area of 45,000 as it is assumed that the accountant would have done this. This gave a figure of 13.52 to add back for each shop type. In Excel a column was set up with the size of floor space available to allocate to each shop type. This is the column that Solver could change to achieve the best profit, subject to the various constraints. The profit was found by first multiplying all floor space allocations by the adjusted NPVs and then subtracting construction and improvement costs. Construction costs were 6 times the total floor space in metres. Improvement costs were the sum of each shop floor space times the individual shop type cost of improvement. Constraints were applied as follows: All floor spaces must be greater or equal to zero (otherwise Solver can allocate negative floor spaces). The guaranteed rent, sum of rent times floor space for 7 years must be greater than the cost of improvements plus interest at 10%. The sum of floor-spaces within each group must be greater than the group minimum. For example in Group A the sum of Supermarket an Dept. Store floor space had to be greater than the group total of 20. Supermarket an Dept. Store floor space had to be individually more than 10 000 sq mtrs each. The maximum floor space was constrained for each shop type according to the supplied table. Option In evaluating the option, the available floor space not allocated above was allocated optimally with Solver. It was assumed that the minimum requirements had been satisfied by the above phase. Analysis The first thing to set in Solver was the cell to be maximised, which was the one with NPV less improvement and construction costs. It also had to be told that this was to be maximised. The next thing was to tell it the cell range that it was allowed to alter in order to produce a maximum solution. The constraints were then added to the Solver tool in Excel. This involve in each case telling it the cell that was to be above or below a certain value, which could be a number or another cell. For example the cell representing the sum of the floor-space was told that this must be less or equal to the cell containing the 45 for the maximum amount that could be allocated. Having set up the cell to maximize, the cells that could be changed and the constraints as described above, the Solver tool was told to produce a solution. The dialogue indicated that it could produce a solution meeting all the criteria and this was an optimal value. Like all solutions of this type it can only be as good as the input and relies on accurate data and assumptions such as that all space allocated would be taken up with no breaks in tenancy. Also there was the possibility of extra revenue when sales exceeded targets, but there was no information to enable this to be used. Results The solution for the Midvale project was as follows. Group/noType of ShopSize 000s square meters A1Supermarket20 A2Dept Store20 C6Opticians3 D9Mobile phone1.3 D11Music0.7 Total45 All others zero Financial results (000s) Present value3655.60 PROFIT (PRESENT VALUE LESS COSTS)2578.78 NPV of 7 year fixed608.55 Net profit1970.23 The best allocation for the Option was as follows: Group/noType of ShopSize 000s square meters B4Womens clothing3 B5Mens Clothing2 C6Opticians1 Total6 All others zero Present value377.12 Improvements44 Interest on improvements30.8 Improvements + interest74.8 Total costs214.6 PROFIT (PRESENT VALUE LESS COSTS)162.52 NPV of 7 year fixed141 Nett profit21.52 Cost of Land Purchase is not addressed in the above but is considered in the conclusions. Conclusion The allocations for the Meadvale Project are dominated by the ones with the highest profit potential which are the Supermarket and the Department Store. The remaining space available under local planning rules would therefore be less profitable. In this case, although the optimum mix has been obtained it does not represent a great return on the Capital Outlay of 200,000. However, the company had experienced large capital gains on previous projects and would need to consider whether this would justify going ahead as the project would at least return a small profit. Appendix 1: Midvale Group No Type of Shop Cost of interior improvements (a) Present Value(a) plus fixed Guarantee Rent (a) Group min(b) Shop max(b) Size (a) A 1 Supermarket 9 73.52 3.2 20 20 20.0 A 2 Dept Store 13 93.52 4.1 0 20 20.0 B 3 Shoes 12 58.52 3 0 0.9 0.0 B 4 Womens clothing 8 63.52 3.2 0 3 0.0 B 5 Mens Clothing 7 61.52 3.2 0 2 0.0 C 6 Opticians 6 63.52 3 2 4 3.0 C 7 Chemists 7 59.52 3.1 0 1.6 0.0 D 8 Gift 8 48.52 2.5 2 3 0.0 D 9 Mobile phone 9 63.52 2.4 0 1.3 1.3 D 10 Caf 10 53.52 2.6 0 1.5 0.0 D 11 Music 7 59.52 2.3 0 1.5 0.7 D 12 Bakery 11 48.52 3 0 1 0.0 (a) per sq mtr (b) 000s sq mtrs SIZE CONSTRAINTS Allocated Min(a) Max(a) Total Square metres 45.0 45 Group A 40.0 2 Group B 0.0 0 Group C 3.0 2 Group D 2.0 2 Shop 1 20.0 10 20 Shop 2 20.0 10 20 INCOME (000) 000 Minimum Rent 1,118.11 Must exceed Improvements + interest Sales excess Other Total income 1,118.11 Present value 3,655.60 COSTS 000 Fixed 125 Construction 270 Improvements 475 Interest on improvements 332 Improvements + interest 807 0 Total costs excluding fixed 1,077 COST CONSTRAINTS Improvements Les than 450 PROFIT (PRESENT VALUE LESS COSTS) 2,579 NPV of 7 year fixed 608.55 Nett profit 1,970 Appendix 2: Options Group No Type of Shop Cost of interior improvements (a) Present Value(a) plus fixed Guarantee Rent (a) Group min(b) Shop max(b) Size (a) A 1 Supermarket 9 73.52 3.2 0 0.0 0.0 A 2 Dept Store 13 93.52 4.1 0 0.0 0.0 B 3 Shoes 12 58.52 3 0 0.9 0.0 B 4 Womens clothing 8 63.52 3.2 0 3.0 3.0 B 5 Mens Clothing 7 61.52 3.2 0 2.0 2.0 C 6 Opticians 6 63.52 3 0 1.0 1.0 C 7 Chemists 7 59.52 3.1 0 1.6 0.0 D 8 Gift 8 48.52 2.5 0 3.0 0.0 D 9 Mobile phone 9 63.52 2.4 0 0.0 0.0 D 10 Caf 10 53.52 2.6 0 1.5 0.0 D 11 Music 7 59.52 2.3 0 0.8 0.0 D 12 Bakery 11 48.52 3 0 1.0 0.0 (a) per sq mtr (b) 000s sq mtrs SIZE CONSTRAINTS Allocated Min(a) Max(a) Total Square metres 6.0 6 Group A 0.0 0 Group B 5.0 0 Group C 1.0 0 Group D 0.0 0 Shop 1 0.0 0 0.0 Shop 2 0.0 0 0.0 INCOME (000) 000 Minimum Rent 133.00 Must exceed improvements + interest Sales excess Other Total income 133.00 Present value 377.12 COSTS 000 Fixed 29 Construction 36 Improvements 44 Interest on improvements 31 Improvements + interest 75 0 Total costs 215 COST CONSTRAINTS Improvements Les than 450 PROFIT (PRESENT VALUE LESS COSTS) 163 NPV of 7 year fixed 141 Nett profit 22 Appendux 3: Formulas Midvale Cols A to E Group No Type of Shop Cost of interior improvements (a) Present Value(a) plus fixed A 1 Supermarket 9 73.52 A 2 Dept Store 13 93.52 B 3 Shoes 12 58.52 B 4 Womens clothing 8 63.52 B 5 Mens Clothing 7 61.52 C 6 Opticians 6 63.52 C 7 Chemists 7 59.52 D 8 Gift 8 48.52 D 9 Mobile phone 9 63.52 D 10 Caf 10 53.52 D 11 Music 7 59.52 D 12 Bakery 11 48.52 (a) per sq mtr (b) 000s sq mtrs SIZE CONSTRAINTS Allocated Min(a) Total Square metres =SUM(I2:I13) Group A =SUM(I2:I3) 2 Group B =SUM(I4:I6) 0 Group C =SUM(I7:I8) 2 Group D =SUM(I9:I13) 2 Shop 1 =+I2 10 Shop 2 =+I3 10 INCOME (000) 000 Minimum Rent =SUMPRODUCT(F2:F13,I2:I13)*7 Sales excess 0 Other 0 Total income =SUM(E32:E34) Present value =SUMPRODUCT(E2:E13,I2:I13) COSTS 000 Fixed 125 Construction =+D20*6 Improvements =SUMPRODUCT(D2:D13,I2:I13) Interest on improvements =+E43*0.1*7